diff --git a/src/cr2image.cpp b/src/cr2image.cpp
index d5bed61b..1621def7 100644
--- a/src/cr2image.cpp
+++ b/src/cr2image.cpp
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ void Cr2Image::printStructure(std::ostream& out, Exiv2::PrintStructureOption opt
   if (io_->open() != 0)
     throw Error(ErrorCode::kerDataSourceOpenFailed, io_->path(), strError());
   io_->seek(0, BasicIo::beg);
-  printTiffStructure(io(), out, option, depth - 1);
+  printTiffStructure(io(), out, option, depth);
 }
 
 void Cr2Image::setComment(const std::string&) {
diff --git a/src/image.cpp b/src/image.cpp
index f51755a8..a3bcc291 100644
--- a/src/image.cpp
+++ b/src/image.cpp
@@ -442,7 +442,7 @@ void Image::printIFDStructure(BasicIo& io, std::ostream& out, Exiv2::PrintStruct
             DataBuf bytes(byteslen);                                                  // allocate a buffer
             io.readOrThrow(bytes.data(), byteslen, ErrorCode::kerCorruptedMetadata);  // read
             MemIo memIo(bytes.c_data(), byteslen);                                    // create a file
-            printTiffStructure(memIo, out, option, depth);
+            printTiffStructure(memIo, out, option, depth+1);
           } else {
             // tag is an IFD
             uint32_t punt = bSony ? 12 : 0;
@@ -486,7 +486,7 @@ void Image::printTiffStructure(BasicIo& io, std::ostream& out, Exiv2::PrintStruc
     auto c = dir.read_uint8(0);
     bool bSwap = (c == 'M' && isLittleEndianPlatform()) || (c == 'I' && isBigEndianPlatform());
     size_t start = byteSwap4(dir, 4, bSwap);
-    printIFDStructure(io, out, option, start + offset, bSwap, c, depth+1);
+    printIFDStructure(io, out, option, start + offset, bSwap, c, depth);
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/jp2image.cpp b/src/jp2image.cpp
index 380828da..cf7c5c53 100644
--- a/src/jp2image.cpp
+++ b/src/jp2image.cpp
@@ -553,7 +553,7 @@ void Jp2Image::printStructure(std::ostream& out, PrintStructureOption option, in
               const char b = rawData.read_uint8(1);
               if (a == b && (a == 'I' || a == 'M')) {
                 MemIo p(rawData.c_data(), rawData.size());
-                printTiffStructure(p, out, option, depth);
+                printTiffStructure(p, out, option, depth+1);
               }
             }
 
diff --git a/src/jpgimage.cpp b/src/jpgimage.cpp
index 896cfb81..32998eec 100644
--- a/src/jpgimage.cpp
+++ b/src/jpgimage.cpp
@@ -485,7 +485,7 @@ void JpegBase::printStructure(std::ostream& out, PrintStructureOption option, in
             if (start < max) {
               // create a copy on write memio object with the data, then print the structure
               MemIo p(buf.c_data(start), size - start);
-              printTiffStructure(p, out, option, depth);
+              printTiffStructure(p, out, option, depth+1);
             }
           }
 
diff --git a/src/orfimage.cpp b/src/orfimage.cpp
index a8473cf0..531b7d49 100644
--- a/src/orfimage.cpp
+++ b/src/orfimage.cpp
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ void OrfImage::printStructure(std::ostream& out, PrintStructureOption option, in
 
   io_->seek(0, BasicIo::beg);
 
-  printTiffStructure(io(), out, option, depth - 1);
+  printTiffStructure(io(), out, option, depth);
 }  // OrfImage::printStructure
 
 void OrfImage::readMetadata() {
diff --git a/src/pngimage.cpp b/src/pngimage.cpp
index 64078b9a..1cd79bfa 100644
--- a/src/pngimage.cpp
+++ b/src/pngimage.cpp
@@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ void PngImage::printStructure(std::ostream& out, PrintStructureOption option, in
               if (bExif) {
                 // create memio object with the data, then print the structure
                 MemIo p(parsedBuf.c_data(6), parsedBuf.size() - 6);
-                printTiffStructure(p, out, option, depth);
+                printTiffStructure(p, out, option, depth+1);
               }
               if (bIptc) {
                 IptcData::printStructure(out, makeSlice(parsedBuf, 0, parsedBuf.size()), depth);
@@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ void PngImage::printStructure(std::ostream& out, PrintStructureOption option, in
           if (eXIf && option == kpsRecursive) {
             // create memio object with the data, then print the structure
             MemIo p(data.c_data(), dataOffset);
-            printTiffStructure(p, out, option, depth);
+            printTiffStructure(p, out, option, depth+1);
           }
 
           if (bLF)
diff --git a/src/rw2image.cpp b/src/rw2image.cpp
index 4147698a..8fa05acd 100644
--- a/src/rw2image.cpp
+++ b/src/rw2image.cpp
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ void Rw2Image::printStructure(std::ostream& out, PrintStructureOption option, in
 
   io_->seek(0, BasicIo::beg);
 
-  printTiffStructure(io(), out, option, depth - 1);
+  printTiffStructure(io(), out, option, depth);
 }  // Rw2Image::printStructure
 
 void Rw2Image::readMetadata() {
diff --git a/src/tiffimage.cpp b/src/tiffimage.cpp
index 72ad9109..48c1c584 100644
--- a/src/tiffimage.cpp
+++ b/src/tiffimage.cpp
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ void TiffImage::printStructure(std::ostream& out, Exiv2::PrintStructureOption op
 
   io_->seek(0, BasicIo::beg);
 
-  printTiffStructure(io(), out, option, depth - 1);
+  printTiffStructure(io(), out, option, depth);
 }
 
 }  // namespace Exiv2
diff --git a/src/webpimage.cpp b/src/webpimage.cpp
index 53387cce..7e054d3a 100644
--- a/src/webpimage.cpp
+++ b/src/webpimage.cpp
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ void WebPImage::printStructure(std::ostream& out, PrintStructureOption option, i
       if (equalsWebPTag(chunkId, WEBP_CHUNK_HEADER_EXIF) && option == kpsRecursive) {
         // create memio object with the payload, then print the structure
         MemIo p(payload.c_data(), payload.size());
-        printTiffStructure(p, out, option, depth);
+        printTiffStructure(p, out, option, depth+1);
       }
 
       bool bPrintPayload = (equalsWebPTag(chunkId, WEBP_CHUNK_HEADER_XMP) && option == kpsXMP) ||