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Changes:
+ Update BMFF types in FILE TYPES section
+ Add text in FILE TYPES explaining formats
+ Change IPTC datasets and XMP properties to IPTC and XMP tags
+ Fix text and formatting
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@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ exiv2 - Image metadata manipulation tool
<div id="synopsis"> <div id="synopsis">
# SYNOPSIS # SYNOPSIS
**exiv2** [ *options* ] [ *action* ] *file* ... **exiv2** [ *option* [ *arg* ] ]+ [ *action* ] *file* ...
<div id="description"> <div id="description">
@ -18,9 +18,9 @@ exiv2 - Image metadata manipulation tool
**exiv2** is a program to read and write image metadata, including **exiv2** is a program to read and write image metadata, including
Exif, IPTC, XMP, image comments, ICC Profile, thumbnails, image Exif, IPTC, XMP, image comments, ICC Profile, thumbnails, image
previews and many vendor makernote tags. The program optionally previews and many vendor makernote tags. The program optionally
converts between Exif tags, IPTC datasets and XMP properties as converts between Exif, IPTC and XMP tags, as recommended by their
recommended by the Exif Standard, the IPTC Standard, the XMP respective standards/specifications and the Metadata Working Group
specification and the Metadata Working Group guidelines. guidelines.
<div id="TOC"> <div id="TOC">
@ -68,16 +68,17 @@ ARW | Read | Read | Read | - | - | Rea
AVIF | Read | Read | Read | - | - | Read AVIF | Read | Read | Read | - | - | Read
BMP | - | - | - | - | - | - BMP | - | - | - | - | - | -
CR2 | Read/Write | Read/Write | Read/Write | - | Read/Write | Read/Write CR2 | Read/Write | Read/Write | Read/Write | - | Read/Write | Read/Write
CR3 | Read | Read | Read | - | Read | Read CR3 | Read | Read | Read | - | - | -
CRW | Read/Write | - | - | Read/Write | - | Read/Write CRW | Read/Write | - | - | Read/Write | - | Read/Write
DNG | Read/Write | Read/Write | Read/Write | - | Read/Write | Read/Write DNG | Read/Write | Read/Write | Read/Write | - | Read/Write | Read/Write
EPS | - | - | Read/Write | | - | - EPS | - | - | Read/Write | | - | -
EXV | Read/Write | Read/Write | Read/Write | Read/Write | Read/Write | Read/Write EXV | Read/Write | Read/Write | Read/Write | Read/Write | Read/Write | Read/Write
GIF | - | - | - | - | - | - GIF | - | - | - | - | - | -
HEIC | Read | Read | Read | - | - | Read HEIC | Read | Read | Read | - | - | -
HEIF | Read | Read | Read | - | - | Read HEIF | Read | Read | Read | - | - | -
JP2 | Read/Write | Read/Write | Read/Write | - | Read/Write | Read/Write JP2 | Read/Write | Read/Write | Read/Write | - | Read/Write | Read/Write
JPEG | Read/Write | Read/Write | Read/Write | Read/Write | Read/Write | Read/Write JPEG | Read/Write | Read/Write | Read/Write | Read/Write | Read/Write | Read/Write
JXL | Read | Read | Read | - | - | -
MRW | Read | Read | Read | - | - | Read MRW | Read | Read | Read | - | - | Read
NEF | Read/Write | Read/Write | Read/Write | - | Read/Write | Read/Write NEF | Read/Write | Read/Write | Read/Write | - | Read/Write | Read/Write
ORF | Read/Write | Read/Write | Read/Write | - | - | Read/Write ORF | Read/Write | Read/Write | Read/Write | - | - | Read/Write
@ -101,6 +102,15 @@ image are determined.
+ Reading other TIFF-like RAW image formats, which are not listed in + Reading other TIFF-like RAW image formats, which are not listed in
the table, may also work. the table, may also work.
+ Some image formats allow an extra interal type of metadata. Only
partial support exists for the RAF format.
+ Support for BMFF types such as CR3, HEIF and HEIC is a build option. To
check if enabled, use `exiv2 --version --verbose --grep bmff` and see if
`enable_bmff=1`.
+ Naked codestream JXL files do not contain Exif, IPTC or XMP metadata.
+ The thumbnail, if available, is included in the list of image previews. + The thumbnail, if available, is included in the list of image previews.
[TOC](#TOC) [TOC](#TOC)
@ -114,7 +124,7 @@ The *action* argument is only required if it is not clear from the
<div id="pr_print"> <div id="pr_print">
### pr | print ### pr | print
Print image metadata. This is the default action, i.e. the command Print image metadata. This is the default action, i.e., the command
`exiv2 image.jpg` will print a summary of the image Exif metadata. `exiv2 image.jpg` will print a summary of the image Exif metadata.
<div id="ex_extract"> <div id="ex_extract">
@ -149,16 +159,16 @@ options [--adjust time](#adjust_time), [--years +-n](#years_n),
<div id="mo_modify"> <div id="mo_modify">
### mo | modify ### mo | modify
Apply commands to modify (add, set, delete) the Exif, IPTC and XMP Apply commands to modify the Exif, IPTC and XMP metadata of image files.
metadata of image files. Requires option [--comment txt](#comment_txt), Requires option [--comment txt](#comment_txt), [--modify cmdfile](#modify_cmdfile)
[--modify cmdfile](#modify_cmdfile) or [--Modify cmd](#Modify_cmd). or [--Modify cmd](#Modify_cmd).
<div id="mv_rename"> <div id="mv_rename">
### mv | rename ### mv | rename
Rename files and/or set file timestamps according to the Exif create Rename files and/or set file timestamps according to the Exif create
timestamp. Uses the value of tag [Exif.Photo.DateTimeOriginal](https://www.exiv2.org/tags.html) timestamp. Uses the value of [Exif.Photo.DateTimeOriginal](https://www.exiv2.org/tags.html)
or, if not present, [Exif.Image.DateTime](https://www.exiv2.org/tags.html) tag or, if not present, [Exif.Image.DateTime](https://www.exiv2.org/tags.html)
to determine the timestamp. The filename format can be set with [--rename fmt](#rename_fmt), to determine the timestamp. The filename format can be set with [--rename fmt](#rename_fmt),
timestamp options are [--timestamp](#timestamp) and [--Timestamp](#Timestamp). timestamp options are [--timestamp](#timestamp) and [--Timestamp](#Timestamp).
See [TZ environment variable](#TZ). See [TZ environment variable](#TZ).
@ -185,11 +195,12 @@ specify the current encoding of the comment if necessary.
# COMMAND SUMMARY # COMMAND SUMMARY
**exiv2** [ **option** [ *arg* ] ]+ [ *action* ] *file* ...<br> **exiv2** [ *option* [ *arg* ] ]+ [ *action* ] *file* ...<br>
Where *file* contains image metadata, optionally specified using a URL Where *file* is one or more files containing image metadata. These can
(http, https, ftp, sftp, data and file supported) or a wildcard pattern optionally be specified using a URL (http, https, ftp, sftp, data
(e.g., \*.jpg) and file supported) or a wildcard pattern (e.g., `image1.tiff image2.jpg`,
`https://clanmills.com/Stonehenge.jpg` or `*.jpg`)
| Option | Long option | Description | | Option | Long option | Description |
|:------ |:---- |:---- | |:------ |:---- |:---- |
@ -214,9 +225,9 @@ Where *file* contains image metadata, optionally specified using a URL
| **-p** *mod* | **--print** *mod* | Print report (common reports) [[...]](#print_mod) | | **-p** *mod* | **--print** *mod* | Print report (common reports) [[...]](#print_mod) |
| **-P** *flg* | **--Print** *flg* | Print report (fine grained control) [[...]](#Print_flgs) | | **-P** *flg* | **--Print** *flg* | Print report (fine grained control) [[...]](#Print_flgs) |
| **-q** | **--quiet** | Silence warnings and error messages [[...]](#quiet) | | **-q** | **--quiet** | Silence warnings and error messages [[...]](#quiet) |
| **-Q** *lvl* | **--log** *lvl* | Set the log-level to 'd'(ebug), 'i'(nfo), 'w'(arning), 'e'(rror) or 'm'(ute) [[...]](#log_lvl) | | **-Q** *lvl* | **--log** *lvl* | Set the log-level [[...]](#log_lvl) |
| **-r** *fmt* | **--rename** *fmt* | Filename format for the [rename](#mv_rename) action [[...]](#rename_fmt) | | **-r** *fmt* | **--rename** *fmt* | Filename format for the [rename](#mv_rename) action [[...]](#rename_fmt) |
| **-S** *suf* | **--suffix** *suf* | Use suffix for source files when using the [insert](#in_insert) command [[...]](#suffix_suf) | | **-S** *suf* | **--suffix** *suf* | Use suffix for source files when using the [insert](#in_insert) action [[...]](#suffix_suf) |
| **-t** | **--timestamp** | Set the file timestamp from Exif metadata. For the [rename](#mv_rename) action [[...]](#timestamp) | | **-t** | **--timestamp** | Set the file timestamp from Exif metadata. For the [rename](#mv_rename) action [[...]](#timestamp) |
| **-T** | **--Timestamp** | Only set the file timestamp from Exif metadata. For the [rename](#mv_rename) action [[...]](#Timestamp) | | **-T** | **--Timestamp** | Only set the file timestamp from Exif metadata. For the [rename](#mv_rename) action [[...]](#Timestamp) |
| **-u** | **--unknown** | Show unknown tags [[...]](#unknown) | | **-u** | **--unknown** | Show unknown tags [[...]](#unknown) |
@ -224,11 +235,11 @@ Where *file* contains image metadata, optionally specified using a URL
| **-V** | **--version** | Show the program version and exit [[...]](#version) | | **-V** | **--version** | Show the program version and exit [[...]](#version) |
| **-Y** *+-n* | **--years** *+-n* | Automated adjustment of the years in metadata dates [[...]](#years_n) | | **-Y** *+-n* | **--years** *+-n* | Automated adjustment of the years in metadata dates [[...]](#years_n) |
The flags for those options are:
<div id="cmd_summary_flgs"> <div id="cmd_summary_flgs">
| Parameter | Description | The arguments for those options are:
| Argument | Description |
|:------ |:---- | |:------ |:---- |
| *action* | pr \| ex \| in \| rm \| ad \| mo \| mv \| fi \| fc<br>(print, extract, insert, delete, adjust, modify, rename, fixiso, fixcom) | | *action* | pr \| ex \| in \| rm \| ad \| mo \| mv \| fi \| fc<br>(print, extract, insert, delete, adjust, modify, rename, fixiso, fixcom) |
| *cmd* | (**set** \| **add**) *key* [[*type*] *value*] \| **del** *key* [*type*] \| **reg** *prefix* *namespace*<br>(see ['Modify' command format](#mod_cmd_format)) | | *cmd* | (**set** \| **add**) *key* [[*type*] *value*] \| **del** *key* [*type*] \| **reg** *prefix* *namespace*<br>(see ['Modify' command format](#mod_cmd_format)) |
@ -236,7 +247,7 @@ The flags for those options are:
| *flg* | E \| I \| X \| x \| g \| k \| l \| n \| y \| c \| s \| v \| t \| h<br>(Exif, IPTC, XMP, num, grp, key, label, name, type, count, size, vanilla, translated, hex) | | *flg* | E \| I \| X \| x \| g \| k \| l \| n \| y \| c \| s \| v \| t \| h<br>(Exif, IPTC, XMP, num, grp, key, label, name, type, count, size, vanilla, translated, hex) |
| *fmt* | Default format: %Y%m%d_%H%M%S | | *fmt* | Default format: %Y%m%d_%H%M%S |
| *key* | See [Exiv2 key syntax](#exiv2_key_syntax)) | | *key* | See [Exiv2 key syntax](#exiv2_key_syntax)) |
| *lvl* | d \| i \| w \| e<br>(debug, info, warning, error) | | *lvl* | d \| i \| w \| e \| m<br>(debug, info, warning, error, mute) |
| *mod* | s \| a \| e \| t \| v \| h \| i \| x \| c \| p \| C \| R \| S \| X<br>(summary, all, Exif, translated, vanilla, hex, IPTC, XMP, comment, preview, ICC Profile, Recursive Structure, Simple Structure, raw XMP) | | *mod* | s \| a \| e \| t \| v \| h \| i \| x \| c \| p \| C \| R \| S \| X<br>(summary, all, Exif, translated, vanilla, hex, IPTC, XMP, comment, preview, ICC Profile, Recursive Structure, Simple Structure, raw XMP) |
| *suf* | '.' then the file's extension (e.g., '.txt') | | *suf* | '.' then the file's extension (e.g., '.txt') |
| *time* | [ +\|-]HH[:MM[:SS[.mmm]]]<br>(Default is **+** when **+**/**-** are missing) | | *time* | [ +\|-]HH[:MM[:SS[.mmm]]]<br>(Default is **+** when **+**/**-** are missing) |
@ -367,7 +378,7 @@ Exif.Photo.DateTimeDigitized Ascii 20 2015:07:16 15:38:54
### **-n** *enc*, **--encode** *enc* ### **-n** *enc*, **--encode** *enc*
Charset to use when decoding Exif Unicode user comments, where *enc* is Charset to use when decoding Exif Unicode user comments, where *enc* is
a name understood by [iconv_open(3)](https://linux.die.net/man/3/iconv_open) a name understood by [iconv_open(3)](https://linux.die.net/man/3/iconv_open)
(e.g., 'UTF-8'). (e.g., 'UTF-8'). See [Exif 'Comment' values](#exif_comment_values).
<div id="keep"> <div id="keep">
@ -512,13 +523,13 @@ Possible modes are:
| Option | Description | | Option | Description |
|:------ |:---- | |:------ |:---- |
| s | A summary of the Exif metadata (the default for the [print](#pr_print) action) | | s | A summary of the Exif metadata (the default for the [print](#pr_print) action) |
| a | Exif, IPTC and XMP metadata (shortcut for [--Print kyct](#Print_flgs)) | | a | Exif, IPTC and XMP tags (shortcut for [--Print kyct](#Print_flgs)) |
| e | Exif metadata (shortcut for [--Print Ekycv](#Print_flgs)) | | e | Exif tags (shortcut for [--Print Ekycv](#Print_flgs)) |
| t | Interpreted (translated) Exif tag values (shortcut for [--Print Ekyct](#Print_flgs)) | | t | Interpreted (translated) Exif tag values (shortcut for [--Print Ekyct](#Print_flgs)) |
| v | Plain (untranslated) Exif tag values (shortcut for [--Print Exgnycv](#Print_flgs)) | | v | Plain (untranslated) Exif tag values (shortcut for [--Print Exgnycv](#Print_flgs)) |
| h | Hex dump of the Exif data (shortcut for [--Print Exgnycsh](#Print_flgs)) | | h | Hex dump of the Exif data (shortcut for [--Print Exgnycsh](#Print_flgs)) |
| i | IPTC datasets (shortcut for [--Print Ikyct](#Print_flgs)) | | i | IPTC tags (shortcut for [--Print Ikyct](#Print_flgs)) |
| x | XMP properties (shortcut for [--Print Xkyct](#Print_flgs)) | | x | XMP tags (shortcut for [--Print Xkyct](#Print_flgs)) |
| c | JPEG comment | | c | JPEG comment |
| p | List available image previews, sorted by size in pixels (e.g., see [--extract tgt3](#extract_tgt3)) | | p | List available image previews, sorted by size in pixels (e.g., see [--extract tgt3](#extract_tgt3)) |
| C | Image ICC Profile | | C | Image ICC Profile |
@ -543,8 +554,8 @@ as well as data columns included in the print output. Valid flags are:
| Option | Description | | Option | Description |
|:------ |:---- | |:------ |:---- |
| E | Exif tags | | E | Exif tags |
| I | IPTC datasets | | I | IPTC tags |
| X | XMP properties | | X | XMP tags |
| x | Tag number for Exif or IPTC tags (in hexadecimal) | | x | Tag number for Exif or IPTC tags (in hexadecimal) |
| g | Group name (e.g., for Exif.Photo.UserComment, outputs Photo) | | g | Group name (e.g., for Exif.Photo.UserComment, outputs Photo) |
| k | Key (e.g., Exif.Photo.UserComment) | | k | Key (e.g., Exif.Photo.UserComment) |
@ -585,13 +596,14 @@ Delete target(s) for the [delete](#rm_delete) action. Possible targets are:
| Option | Description | | Option | Description |
|:------ |:---- | |:------ |:---- |
| a | All supported metadata (the default for the [delete](#rm_delete) action) | | a | All supported metadata (the default for the [delete](#rm_delete) action) |
| e | Exif section | | e | Exif tags |
| t | Exif thumbnail only | | t | Exif thumbnail only |
| i | IPTC data | | i | IPTC tags |
| x | XMP packet | | x | XMP tags |
| c | JPEG comment | | c | JPEG comment |
| C | ICC Profile | | C | ICC Profile |
| I | All IPTC data (removes broken metadata containing multiple IPTC blocks) | | I | All IPTC data (removes broken metadata containing multiple IPTC blocks) |
| - | Insert from stdin. This option is intended for "filter" operations |
<div id="insert_tgt2"> <div id="insert_tgt2">
@ -603,24 +615,30 @@ targets are:
| Option | Description | | Option | Description |
|:------ |:---- | |:------ |:---- |
| a | All supported metadata (the default for the [insert](#in_insert) action) | | a | All supported metadata (the default for the [insert](#in_insert) action) |
| e | Exif section | | e | Exif tags |
| t | Exif thumbnail. Only JPEG thumbnails can be inserted from a file called *file-thumb.jpg* | | t | Exif thumbnail. Only JPEG thumbnails can be inserted from a file called *file-thumb.jpg* |
| i | IPTC data | | i | IPTC tags |
| x | XMP packet | | x | XMP tags |
| c | JPEG comment | | c | JPEG comment |
| C | ICC Profile, inserted from a file called *<file>.icc* | | C | ICC Profile, inserted from a file called *<file>.icc* |
| X | Insert metadata from an XMP sidecar file, <file>.xmp. The remaining targets determine which metadata to include, possible are Exif, IPTC and XMP (default is all of these). Inserted XMP properties include those converted to Exif and IPTC | | X | Insert metadata from an XMP sidecar file, <file>.xmp. The remaining targets determine which metadata to include, possible are Exif, IPTC and XMP (default is all of these). Inserted XMP tags include those converted to Exif and IPTC |
| XX | Insert "raw" XMP metadata from a sidecar file, *<file>.exv* | | XX | Insert "raw" XMP metadata from a sidecar file, *<file>.exv* |
| - | Insert from stdin. This option is intended for "filter" operations | | - | Insert from stdin. This option is intended for "filter" operations |
Filter operations between extract and insert are possible, using the To insert from a location other than the current directory, use [--location dir](#location_dir).
following template; [xmllint(1)](https://linux.die.net/man/1/xmllint) can
be optionally used when extracting XMP sidecar files: Filter operations between [--extract tgt3](#extract_tgt3) and
**--insert** *tgt2* are possible, using the following template;
[xmllint(1)](https://linux.die.net/man/1/xmllint) can be optionally used
when extracting XMP sidecar files:
``` ```
$ exiv2 -e{tgt3}- filename | [ xmllint .... |] exiv2 -i{tgt2}- filename $ exiv2 -e{tgt3}- filename | [ xmllint .... |] exiv2 -i{tgt2}- filename
``` ```
When filtering from extract to insert, do not use the [--verbose](#verbose)
option with [--extract tgt3](#extract_tgt3) as this outputs unwanted text.
<div id="extract_tgt3"> <div id="extract_tgt3">
### **-e** *tgt3*, **--extract** *tgt3* ### **-e** *tgt3*, **--extract** *tgt3*
@ -629,17 +647,19 @@ Extract target(s) for the [extract](#ex_extract) action. Possible targets are:
| <div style="width:100px">Option</div> | Description | | <div style="width:100px">Option</div> | Description |
|:------ |:---- | |:------ |:---- |
| a | All supported metadata (the default for the [extract](#ex_extract) action) | | a | All supported metadata (the default for the [extract](#ex_extract) action) |
| e | Exif section | | e | Exif tags |
| t | Extract Exif thumbnail only to a file called *<file>-thumb.jpg* | | t | Extract Exif thumbnail only to a file called *<file>-thumb.jpg* |
| i | IPTC data | | i | IPTC tags |
| x | XMP packet | | x | XMP tags |
| c | JPEG comment | | c | JPEG comment |
| p\[\<n\>\[,\<m\> ...\]\] | Extract preview images to files called *\<file\>-preview\<n \| m \| ...\>.jpg* (`--extract p` extracts all previews). The thumbnail is included in any preview images | | p\[\<n\>\[,\<m\> ...\]\] | Extract preview images to files called *\<file\>-preview\<n \| m \| ...\>.jpg* (`--extract p` extracts all previews). The thumbnail is included in any preview images |
| C | Extract ICC profile, to a file called *<file>.icc* | | C | Extract ICC profile, to a file called *<file>.icc* |
| X | Insert metadata from an XMP sidecar file, <file>.xmp. The remaining targets determine which metadata to include, possible are Exif, IPTC and XMP (default is all of these). Inserted XMP properties include those converted to Exif and IPTC | | X | Extract metadata to an XMP sidecar file, <file>.xmp. Other targets cannot be used with this, as only XMP data is written. Extracted XMP tags include those converted from Exif and IPTC |
| XX | Extract "raw" XMP metadata to a sidecar . Other targets cannot be used with this, as only XMP data is written | | XX | Extract "raw" XMP metadata to a sidecar, <file>.exv. The remaining targets determine which metadata to include, possible are Exif and IPTC (XMP is always included) |
| - | Output to stdout (see [--insert tgt2](#insert_tgt2) for an example of this feature) | | - | Output to stdout (see [--insert tgt2](#insert_tgt2) for an example of this feature) |
To extract to a location other than the current directory, use [--location dir](#location_dir).
When extracting preview images, first list which previews are available: When extracting preview images, first list which previews are available:
``` ```
@ -790,7 +810,7 @@ using the parameters:
| Parameter | Description | | Parameter | Description |
|:------ |:---- | |:------ |:---- |
| *key* | An Exif, IPTC or XMP key (see [Exiv2 key syntax](#exiv2_key_syntax)) | | *key* | See [Exiv2 key syntax](#exiv2_key_syntax) |
| *type* | The *type* for the tag, a default is used if none is given. For built-in tags, the default is defined in the standard and for registered XMP tags, the default is XmpText (see [Exif/IPTC/XMP types](#exiv2_types)) | | *type* | The *type* for the tag, a default is used if none is given. For built-in tags, the default is defined in the standard and for registered XMP tags, the default is XmpText (see [Exif/IPTC/XMP types](#exiv2_types)) |
| *value* | The remaining text on the line is the value, and can optionally be enclosed in quotes (see [Quotations with 'modify' commands](#quotes_modify)). For Ascii, XmpAlt, XmpBag, XmpSeq and XmpText, the value is optional which is equivalent to an empty value ("") | | *value* | The remaining text on the line is the value, and can optionally be enclosed in quotes (see [Quotations with 'modify' commands](#quotes_modify)). For Ascii, XmpAlt, XmpBag, XmpSeq and XmpText, the value is optional which is equivalent to an empty value ("") |
| *prefix* | This is the XMP 'Group' that is being registered. This is case sensitive and must be unique within an image's metadata. e.g., For an "Exiv2" *prefix*, the tags for that group are available as Xmp.Exiv2.Tagname | | *prefix* | This is the XMP 'Group' that is being registered. This is case sensitive and must be unique within an image's metadata. e.g., For an "Exiv2" *prefix*, the tags for that group are available as Xmp.Exiv2.Tagname |
@ -908,6 +928,10 @@ Xmp.xmp.RatingInPercent XmpText 2 98
Xmp.cm2e.Surname XmpText 5 Mills Xmp.cm2e.Surname XmpText 5 Mills
``` ```
If adding an empty non XmpText tag, include the empty string as the
value. This prevents an XmpText tag being created with the value set to
the 'type'.
<div id="set_langalt"> <div id="set_langalt">
#### Setting an XMP LangAlt value #### Setting an XMP LangAlt value
@ -1085,9 +1109,8 @@ PentaxDng NikonLd3 OlympusFe6 Sony2Fp
A full list of built-in Exif, IPTC and XMP tags is available online at A full list of built-in Exif, IPTC and XMP tags is available online at
https://www.exiv2.org/metadata.html. To query Exiv2 Groups and Tagnames, https://www.exiv2.org/metadata.html. To query Exiv2 Groups and Tagnames,
a sample program called *taglist* is provided (see a sample program called [taglist](https://github.com/Exiv2/exiv2/blob/main/README-SAMPLES.md#taglist)
https://github.com/Exiv2/exiv2/blob/main/README-SAMPLES.md), which can be is provided, which can be built from source (see https://github.com/Exiv2/exiv2/blob/main/README.md)
built from source (see https://github.com/Exiv2/exiv2/blob/main/README.md)
or downloaded from https://www.exiv2.org/download.html. or downloaded from https://www.exiv2.org/download.html.
For the Exif, IPTC and XMP groups: For the Exif, IPTC and XMP groups:
@ -1096,7 +1119,7 @@ For the Exif, IPTC and XMP groups:
are also available in Exif's Thumbnail, Image(2|3), SubImage(1-9) and are also available in Exif's Thumbnail, Image(2|3), SubImage(1-9) and
SubThumb1 groups, (e.g., Exif.Thumbnail.XResolution). SubThumb1 groups, (e.g., Exif.Thumbnail.XResolution).
+ Many camera manufacturer tags are available and are accessed as + Many camera manufacturer's tags are available and are accessed as
different Exif groups, using the manufacturer's name as a prefix (e.g., different Exif groups, using the manufacturer's name as a prefix (e.g.,
CanonCs is the Camera Settings for a Canon camera). Groups called the CanonCs is the Camera Settings for a Canon camera). Groups called the
manufacturer name plus number, access the main tags in different file manufacturer name plus number, access the main tags in different file
@ -1107,11 +1130,11 @@ tags for all the different manufacturers is an ongoing task, only partial
support is available. The full unprocessed makernotes data is available support is available. The full unprocessed makernotes data is available
in [Exif.Photo.MakerNote](https://www.exiv2.org/tags.html). in [Exif.Photo.MakerNote](https://www.exiv2.org/tags.html).
+ Every Exif tag and IPTC dataset has a tag number (16 bit, 2 byte + Every Exif and IPTC tag has a tag number (16 bit, 2 byte integer),
integer), which is unique within a Group (to display, see [--Print x](#Print_flgs)). which is unique within a Group (to display, see [--Print x](#Print_flgs)).
+ Some of the Exif tags and IPTC datasets are mirrored in the XMP + Some of the Exif and IPTC tags are mirrored in the XMP specification
specification (see https://www.exiv2.org/metadata.html). (see https://www.exiv2.org/metadata.html).
+ The XMP specification is flexible and allows new custom 'Groups' and + The XMP specification is flexible and allows new custom 'Groups' and
'Tagnames' to be added (see [Adding new XMP tags](#add_xmp_tags) and 'Tagnames' to be added (see [Adding new XMP tags](#add_xmp_tags) and
@ -1198,7 +1221,7 @@ The standard format for Exif and IPTC tags is:
Definition | Description | Definition | Description |
|:------ |:---- | |:------ |:---- |
| Family | Either 'Exif' or 'Iptc' | | Family | Either 'Exif' or 'Iptc' |
| Group | The tag group within the family. e.g., for Exif, 'Image' | | Group | The group within the family. e.g., for Exif, 'Image' |
| Tagname | The tagname within a family and group. e.g., For Exif.Image, 'Model' | | Tagname | The tagname within a family and group. e.g., For Exif.Image, 'Model' |
For example, Exif.Image.Model or Iptc.Application2.Subject . For example, Exif.Image.Model or Iptc.Application2.Subject .
@ -1212,8 +1235,8 @@ In addition to the standard key syntax, XMP can also use an extended format:
| Definition | Description | | Definition | Description |
|:------ |:---- | |:------ |:---- |
| Family | i.e. 'Xmp' | | Family | i.e., 'Xmp' |
| Group | The tag group within the family. e.g., for Xmp, 'dc' | | Group | The group within the family. e.g., for Xmp, 'dc' |
| Tagname | The tagname within a family and group. e.g., For Xmp.dc, 'subject' | | Tagname | The tagname within a family and group. e.g., For Xmp.dc, 'subject' |
| *\<index\>* | An integer (1,...,n) surrounded by square brackets (e.g., [n], is the n'th item in the 'array') | | *\<index\>* | An integer (1,...,n) surrounded by square brackets (e.g., [n], is the n'th item in the 'array') |
| *\<value_types\>* | This is */name1* : *name2* (e.g., /dim:length). Within a *Family.Group.Tagname[n]* and nested arrays, only one type of */name1* identifier is allowed, but many *name2* values | | *\<value_types\>* | This is */name1* : *name2* (e.g., /dim:length). Within a *Family.Group.Tagname[n]* and nested arrays, only one type of */name1* identifier is allowed, but many *name2* values |
@ -1240,16 +1263,16 @@ available from: https://www.adobe.com/content/dam/acom/en/devnet/xmp/pdfs/XMPSDK
<div id="multi_elements"> <div id="multi_elements">
### Multiple elements ### Multiple elements
Some IPTC datasets and XMP properties allow multiple elements to be Some IPTC and XMP tags allow multiple elements to be stored, although
stored, although they both do this in different ways. they both do this in different ways.
<div id="multi_elements_iptc"> <div id="multi_elements_iptc">
#### IPTC #### IPTC
IPTC datasets marked as repeatable, can have multiple entries with the IPTC tags marked as repeatable, can have multiple entries with the same
same key (i.e. Family.Group.Tagname) in the image metadata (for key (i.e., Family.Group.Tagname) in the image metadata (for supported
supported datasets, see https://www.exiv2.org/iptc.html, column R). tags, see https://www.exiv2.org/iptc.html, column R).
For example, a file containing three [Iptc.Application2.Subject](https://www.exiv2.org/iptc.html) For example, a file containing three [Iptc.Application2.Subject](https://www.exiv2.org/iptc.html)
values: values:
@ -1285,7 +1308,7 @@ Xmp.dc.subject XmpBag 3 Stonehenge, Cloudy,
### Duplicate Exif tags ### Duplicate Exif tags
The Exif specification allows for duplicate tags, but this is currently The Exif specification allows for duplicate tags, but this is currently
unused by any current tag definitions. unused by any official tag definition.
[TOC](#TOC) [TOC](#TOC)
@ -1432,7 +1455,7 @@ format:
| text | The text to use for a language definition | | text | The text to use for a language definition |
The *\<lang\>-\<country\>* combination is useful where a country uses a The *\<lang\>-\<country\>* combination is useful where a country uses a
different version of a common language (e.g. Swiss-French, would be different version of a common language (e.g., Swiss-French, would be
"fr-CH"). The *\<lang\>* or *\<lang\>-\<country\>* can be optionally "fr-CH"). The *\<lang\>* or *\<lang\>-\<country\>* can be optionally
surrounded by double quotes (single quotes are not allowed). If no surrounded by double quotes (single quotes are not allowed). If no
language is specified, the default value is *x-default*. Any *x-default* language is specified, the default value is *x-default*. Any *x-default*
@ -1464,7 +1487,7 @@ XmpSeq.
Each numbered base key (e.g., Xmp.xmpMM.History[n]) contains the Each numbered base key (e.g., Xmp.xmpMM.History[n]) contains the
string: `type="Struct"` and each numbered base key plus value type string: `type="Struct"` and each numbered base key plus value type
(e.g. Xmp.xmpMM.History[n]/stEvt:action), contains the data. (e.g., Xmp.xmpMM.History[n]/stEvt:action), contains the data.
For example, the [Xmp.xmpMM.History](https://www.exiv2.org/tags-xmp-xmpMM.html) For example, the [Xmp.xmpMM.History](https://www.exiv2.org/tags-xmp-xmpMM.html)
tag recording that a file has been converted from tiff to JPEG, then tag recording that a file has been converted from tiff to JPEG, then
@ -1493,9 +1516,10 @@ More information about structs is available from: https://wwwimages2.adobe.com/c
# CONFIGURATION FILE # CONFIGURATION FILE
**exiv2** can read an optional configuration file, which allows **exiv2** can read an optional configuration file, which allows
additional lens definitions to be added to translated output. On UNIX additional lens definitions to be added to translated output. On UNIX
based systems, this file is called *.exiv2* and on Windows, *exiv2.ini*. based systems, this file is called *.exiv2* and on Windows (including MinGW),
The file is searched for first in the current directory, then in the *exiv2.ini*. The file is searched for first in the current directory,
home directory (on UNIX based systems, *~/* and on Windows, *%USERPROFILE%\\*). then in the home directory (on UNIX based systems, `~/` and on Windows,
`%USERPROFILE%\\`).
You can determine the name of the file and where it is searched for, You can determine the name of the file and where it is searched for,
with the command: with the command:
@ -1553,18 +1577,18 @@ directory (the same as `exiv2 print *.jpg`). The summary
is brief and does not use the Family.Group.Tagname format is brief and does not use the Family.Group.Tagname format
+ `exiv2 --grep date/i https://clanmills.com/Stonehenge.jpg`<br> + `exiv2 --grep date/i https://clanmills.com/Stonehenge.jpg`<br>
Prints tags in https://clanmills.com/Stonehenge.jpg, where the key Prints the tags in https://clanmills.com/Stonehenge.jpg, where the key
(see [Exiv2 key syntax](#exiv2_key_syntax)) contains the string *date* (see [Exiv2 key syntax](#exiv2_key_syntax)) contains the string *date*
(*/i* searches case insensitive). When not including [--print mod](#print_mod) (*/i* searches case insensitive). When not including [--print mod](#print_mod)
or [--Print flgs](#Print_flgs), the default output becomes `--print a` or [--Print flgs](#Print_flgs), the default output becomes `--print a`
(i.e., print all) (i.e., print all)
+ `exiv2 --print i image.jpg`<br> + `exiv2 --print i image.jpg`<br>
Prints the IPTC datasets in *image.jpg* Prints the IPTC tags in *image.jpg*
+ `exiv2 --Print IkytEX image.jpg`<br> + `exiv2 --Print IkytEX image.jpg`<br>
Prints (with finer grained control) the Exif tags and XMP properties in Prints (with finer grained control) the Exif and XMP tags in *image.jpg*.
*image.jpg*. The tag's key (see [Exiv2 key syntax](#exiv2_key_syntax)), The tag's key (see [Exiv2 key syntax](#exiv2_key_syntax)),
type and translated value are displayed type and translated value are displayed
+ `exiv2 rename image.jpg`<br> + `exiv2 rename image.jpg`<br>
@ -1574,10 +1598,10 @@ Renames *image.jpg* (taken on 13-Nov-05 at 22:58:31) to *20051113_225831.jpg*
Renames *image.jpg* using the basename (i.e., *image*) and values Renames *image.jpg* using the basename (i.e., *image*) and values
defined in [iconv_open(3)](https://linux.die.net/man/3/iconv_open) defined in [iconv_open(3)](https://linux.die.net/man/3/iconv_open)
to *image_2005-11.jpg*. The values for time and date are taken from the to *image_2005-11.jpg*. The values for time and date are taken from the
Exif metadata Exif tags
+ `exiv2 --extract t image1.jpg image2.jpg`<br> + `exiv2 --extract t image1.jpg image2.jpg`<br>
Extracts (copies) the Exif thumbnails from *image1.jpg* into Extracts (copies) the thumbnail from *image1.jpg* into
*image1-thumb.jpg* and from *image2.jpg* into *image2-thumb.jpg*. *image1-thumb.jpg* and from *image2.jpg* into *image2-thumb.jpg*.
+ `exiv2 --insert t image1.jpg image2.jpg`<br> + `exiv2 --insert t image1.jpg image2.jpg`<br>
@ -1591,20 +1615,20 @@ list of available previews for *image.jpg*.
+ `exiv2 --extract X image.jpg`<br> + `exiv2 --extract X image.jpg`<br>
Extracts (copies) metadata tags from *image.jpg*, into an XMP sidecar file, Extracts (copies) metadata tags from *image.jpg*, into an XMP sidecar file,
*image.xmp*. In the process, this converts selected Exif tags and IPTC *image.xmp*. In the process, this converts selected Exif and IPTC tags
datasets to XMP properties. to XMP tags.
+ `exiv2 --insert X image.jpg`<br> + `exiv2 --insert X image.jpg`<br>
Inserts (copies) metadata from an XMP sidecar file, *image.xmp*, into Inserts (copies) metadata from an XMP sidecar file, *image.xmp*, into
*image.jpg*. The resulting Exif tags and IPTC datasets are converted from *image.jpg*. The resulting Exif and IPTC tags are converted from the
the equivalent XMP properties in the sidecar file. equivalent XMP tags in the sidecar file.
+ `exiv2 --extract X --Modify "add Xmp.dc.subject Sunset" image.jpg`<br> + `exiv2 --extract X --Modify "add Xmp.dc.subject Sunset" image.jpg`<br>
Extracts (copies) metadata tags from *image.jpg*, applies [--Modify cmd](#Modify_cmd) Extracts (copies) metadata tags from *image.jpg*, applies [--Modify cmd](#Modify_cmd)
to those tags and then saves in an XMP sidecar file, *image.xmp*. While to those tags and then saves in an XMP sidecar file, *image.xmp*. While
saving, selected Exif tags and IPTC datasets are converted to saving, selected Exif and IPTC tags are converted to XMP tags. Multiple
XMP properties. Multiple [--Modify cmd](#Modify_cmd) and [--modify cmdfile](#modify_cmdfile) [--Modify cmd](#Modify_cmd) and [--modify cmdfile](#modify_cmdfile) can
can be used. be used.
+ `exiv2 --extract X- image1.jpg | exiv2 --insert X- image2.jpg`<br> + `exiv2 --extract X- image1.jpg | exiv2 --insert X- image2.jpg`<br>
Extracts (copies) the *image1.jpg* metadata as XMP sidecar data and Extracts (copies) the *image1.jpg* metadata as XMP sidecar data and
@ -1644,7 +1668,7 @@ sense in the target image.
+ `exiv2 fixiso image.jpg`<br> + `exiv2 fixiso image.jpg`<br>
Adds the Exif ISO metadata (if missing) to *image.jpg*. This is for Adds the Exif ISO metadata (if missing) to *image.jpg*. This is for
Nikon and Canon cameras only and copies the camera maker's value into the Exif Nikon and Canon cameras only and copies the camera maker's value into the Exif
metadata. tags.
[TOC](#TOC) [TOC](#TOC)
@ -1669,6 +1693,7 @@ by defining *TZ*.
# NOTES # NOTES
For further help, see the Exiv2 wiki: https://github.com/Exiv2/exiv2/wiki For further help, see the Exiv2 wiki: https://github.com/Exiv2/exiv2/wiki
The Exiv2 book: https://www.exiv2.org/book/index.html
[TOC](#TOC) [TOC](#TOC)
@ -1692,12 +1717,13 @@ The Exiv2 project is released under the GNU GPLv2 license: https://github.com/Ex
[curl(1)](https://linux.die.net/man/1/curl), [xmllint(1)](https://linux.die.net/man/1/xmllint), [iconv_open(3)](https://linux.die.net/man/3/iconv_open), [curl(1)](https://linux.die.net/man/1/curl), [xmllint(1)](https://linux.die.net/man/1/xmllint), [iconv_open(3)](https://linux.die.net/man/3/iconv_open),
[strftime(3)](https://linux.die.net/man/3/strftime), [strftime(3)](https://linux.die.net/man/3/strftime),
Exiv2 'modify' command examples: https://exiv2.org/sample.html#modify<br> Exiv2 'modify' action examples: https://exiv2.org/sample.html#modify<br>
All Exiv2 tags, listing the key and default type: https://exiv2.org/metadata.html<br> All Exiv2 tags: https://exiv2.org/metadata.html<br>
Exiv2 README: https://github.com/Exiv2/exiv2/blob/main/README.md<br> Exiv2 README: https://github.com/Exiv2/exiv2/blob/main/README.md<br>
Exiv2 sample programs: https://github.com/Exiv2/exiv2/blob/main/README-SAMPLES.md<br> Exiv2 sample programs: https://github.com/Exiv2/exiv2/blob/main/README-SAMPLES.md<br>
Exiv2 downloads: https://www.exiv2.org/download.html<br> Exiv2 downloads: https://www.exiv2.org/download.html<br>
Exiv2 wiki: https://github.com/Exiv2/exiv2/wiki<br> Exiv2 wiki: https://github.com/Exiv2/exiv2/wiki<br>
Exiv2 book: https://www.exiv2.org/book/index.html
APEX Exposure values: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APEX_system<br> APEX Exposure values: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APEX_system<br>
XMP keys: https://www.adobe.com/content/dam/acom/en/devnet/xmp/pdfs/XMPSDKReleasecc-2020/XMPSpecificationPart2.pdf#G4.1128133<br> XMP keys: https://www.adobe.com/content/dam/acom/en/devnet/xmp/pdfs/XMPSDKReleasecc-2020/XMPSpecificationPart2.pdf#G4.1128133<br>
XMP structs: https://wwwimages2.adobe.com/content/dam/acom/en/devnet/xmp/pdfs/XMP%20SDK%20Release%20cc-2016-08/XMPSpecificationPart1.pdf<br> XMP structs: https://wwwimages2.adobe.com/content/dam/acom/en/devnet/xmp/pdfs/XMP%20SDK%20Release%20cc-2016-08/XMPSpecificationPart1.pdf<br>
@ -1712,6 +1738,8 @@ TZ Environment variable values: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tz_databas
# AUTHORS # AUTHORS
**exiv2** was written by Andreas Huggel and others. **exiv2** was written by Andreas Huggel and others.
Github contributors: https://github.com/Exiv2/exiv2/graphs/contributors
Exiv2 project website: https://exiv2.org<br> Exiv2 project website: https://exiv2.org<br>
Exiv2 source code: https://github.com/exiv2/exiv2 Exiv2 source code: https://github.com/exiv2/exiv2